ArticleFrontiers in dental medicine2025
Soft tissue evaluation of functional therapy in growing patients with class II malocclusion: mandibular advancement vs. twin block-a retrospective study.
Article in Frontiers in dental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the soft tissues changes resulting from Class II treatment with functional appliances (Twin Block vs. Mandibular Advancement), when compared to an untreated Class II control group. Materials and methods: The records of 45 Class II patients who underwent treatment with Twin Block (TB group: Results: Significant improvements were observed for mandibular sulcus and the facial profile angle in the treated groups compared to the Untreated control group (facial profile angle: TB group: +5.67°; MA group: +6.34°; mandibular sulcus: TB group: +10.0°; MA group: 11.77°). The distance of Pogonion (Pg) to the True Vertical Line (TVL) exhibited significant differences among the three groups, with a more pronounced advancement of the soft tissue pogonion in the TB group (TVL-Pg': TB group: +3 mm; MA group: +0.9 mm; untreated control group: -1.6 mm). Conclusions: Treatment with removable functional devices (TB or MA) during puberty produced beneficial effects on the soft tissue profile. Both treated groups demonstrated a significant improvement in the Class II convex profile, accompanied by a less evident mandibular sulcus.
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