Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40963466›Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2025

Study protocol for exploring diabetes numeracy and health literacy across Europe (EDUCATE): A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Elisabeth J den Brok, Cecilie Hornborg-Svensson, Nefeli M Dimitropoulou, Sofie Broeng-Mikkelgaard, Mikkel T Olsen, Lubnaa Abdur Rahman, Ioannis Papathanail, Antje Wiede, Juliane Peters, Peter R Mertens and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Elisabeth J den BrokCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Cecilie Hornborg-SvenssonDepartment of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark.
Nefeli M DimitropoulouCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Sofie Broeng-MikkelgaardDepartment of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark.
Mikkel T OlsenDepartment of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark.
Lubnaa Abdur RahmanGraduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Ioannis PapathanailARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Antje WiedeDepartment of Kidney and Hypertension Diseases, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Juliane PetersDepartment of Kidney and Hypertension Diseases, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Peter R MertensDepartment of Kidney and Hypertension Diseases, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Eva ZikouDiabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Georgios KaramanakosDiabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Stavros AthanasopoulosDiabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-0227
Asimina MitrakouDiabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Konstantinos MakrilakisDiabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Sander M J van KuijkDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology & Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Stavroula MougiakakouARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Marleen M J van GreevenbroekCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ulrik Pedersen-BjergaardDepartment of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark.
Bastiaan E de GalanCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Cassy F DingenaCARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
MELISSA consortium

Funding

European Health and Digital Executive Agency: 101057730Swiss Confederation-State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsEffective diabetes self-management increasingly depends on the interplay between health literacy, numeracy and digital health literacy, given the growing integration of advanced digital tools into diabetes care routines. Little is known about the current state of these skills among people with insulin-treated diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to assess (digital) health literacy and numeracy in people with diabetes on intensive insulin therapy and to explore their associations with glycaemic control, health behaviours, clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes.

methodsThe Exploring Diabetes Health Literacy and Numeracy across Europe (EDUCATE) study is a multicentre cross-sectional study aiming to recruit 209 adults with type 1, type 2, or pancreatogenic diabetes on intensive insulin therapy in four European outpatient clinics. Participants will be asked to complete questionnaires, record their dietary patterns, and wear both a physical activity tracker and a blinded continuous glucose monitor for two weeks. The primary outcome is health literacy, assessed using the validated Health Literacy questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include numeracy, digital health literacy, glycaemic outcomes, health behaviour (e.g., diet and physical activity), and patient-reported-outcomes (e.g., quality-of-life and diabetes distress).

resultsFindings will be diseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals, and academic conferences or media outlets to inform the wider public.

conclusionEDUCATE will assess digital health literacy and numeracy in people with diabetes on intensive insulin regimens across four European countries. A deeper understanding of the current landscape of health literacy and its association with glycaemic outcomes may support the development of targeted interventions. These interventions are aimed at empowering people with diabetes and reducing socio-economic and cultural health disparities.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health LiteracySelf-ManagementAdultBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringCross-Sectional StudiesEuropeFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleMulticenter Studies as TopicHypoglycemic AgentsInsulindiabetes mellitus(digital) health literacyglycaemic controllifestylenumeracypatient‐reported outcomesself‐management

Identifiers

PMID40963466
PMCPMC12535314

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.