Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40963074›Full record

ReviewNeuromolecular medicine2025

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Modulating Immune Signaling Pathways in Autoimmune Diseases.

Nada Khairi Younis, Karar H Alfarttoosi, Gaurav Sanghvi, R Roopashree, Aditya Kashyap, T Krithiga, Waam Mohammed Taher, Mariem Alwan, Mahmood Jasem Jawad, Ali M Ali Al-Nuaimi

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Neuromolecular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nada Khairi YounisCollege of Pharmacy, Alnoor University, Mosul, Iraq. nada_khairi_younis@hotmail.com.
Karar H AlfarttoosiCollege of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq.
Gaurav SanghviDepartment of Microbiology, Marwadi University Research Center, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India.
R RoopashreeDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Aditya KashyapCentre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
T KrithigaDepartment of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Waam Mohammed TaherCollege of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.
Mariem AlwanPharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Mahmood Jasem JawadDepartment of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq.
Ali M Ali Al-NuaimiGilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The composition of intestinal microbial communities plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis, influencing both innate and adaptive immune responses. Growing evidence indicates that bidirectional communication between gut bacteria and host immune cells contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases. Disruptions in microbial diversity, known as dysbiosis, are linked to an increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and lupus erythematosus. This review examines the mechanistic connections between microbial dysregulation and abnormal immune activation, focusing on key signaling pathways. Pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) networks act as immunological gatekeepers, and their dysregulation-induced by microbial metabolites or shifts in microbial composition-can lead to chronic inflammation and the breakdown of self-tolerance. Additionally, bacterial fermentation products, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exert immunomodulatory effects by influencing T-cell differentiation and cytokine profiles. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting microbial restoration, such as precision probiotics, microbiota transplantation, and tailored nutritional interventions, aim to restore immune balance. This review underscores the gut microbiota as a dynamic regulator of immune signaling.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeSignal TransductionAnimalsArthritis, RheumatoidDysbiosisFatty Acids, VolatileHumansJanus KinasesNF-kappa BProbioticsSTAT Transcription FactorsToll-Like ReceptorsFatty Acids, VolatileJanus KinasesNF-kappa BSTAT Transcription FactorsToll-Like ReceptorsAutoimmune diseasesDysbiosisGut microbiotaImmune modulationImmune signaling

Identifiers

PMID40963074

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.