Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40963024›Full record

ArticleNature2025

Repeated head trauma causes neuron loss and inflammation in young athletes.

Morgane L M D Butler, Nida Pervaiz, Kerry Breen, Samantha Calderazzo, Petra Ypsilantis, Yichen Wang, Julia Cammasola Breda, Sarah Mazzilli, Raymond Nicks, Elizabeth Spurlock and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Comparing perceptions of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) across health care disciplines.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. CTE neuropathology alone is associated with dementia and cognitive symptoms.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Cellular responses to repetitive head trauma.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Morgane L M D ButlerDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7088-5842
Nida PervaizSection of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Kerry BreenBoston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Samantha CalderazzoBoston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Petra YpsilantisVA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA.
Yichen WangSection of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Julia Cammasola BredaSection of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Sarah MazzilliSection of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Raymond NicksVA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA.
Elizabeth SpurlockVA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA.
Marco M HeftiDepartment of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, USA.
Kimberly L FiockIowa Neuropathology Resource Laboratory and Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5376-1589
Bertrand R HuberVA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA.
Victor E AlvarezVA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA.
Thor D SteinBoston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6954-4477
Joshua D CampbellSection of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0780-8662
Ann C McKeeBoston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Jonathan D CherryDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Jdcherry@bu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1257-981X

Funding

TBDU19AG068753 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Ting Fang Alvin Ang · 2020 to 2026
$42.4M
RL5: Research Education CoreP30AG072978 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Yorghos Tripodis · 2021 to 2026
$25.6M
Traumatic Brain Injury and Repetitive Head Impacts: Contributions to AD/ADRD and CTE Neuropathology and Resulting Clinical SyndromesU54NS115266 · NINDS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI STEIN, THOR · 2019 to 2023
$10.3M
The Contribution of Age-Related Taupahtoies to Alzheimer's Disease-SupplementR01AG062348 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI CRARY, JOHN FONDA, DICKSON, DENNIS WILLIAM · 2018 to 2022
$4.5M
Consequences of Exposure to Repetitive Head Impacts Across the LifespanRF1NS143015 · NINDS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI MCKEE, ANN C. · 2025 to 2025
$4.3M
Tau Pathology in CTE vs. Alzheimer's Disease: Microvasculopathy and NeuroinflammationRF1AG057902 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI MCKEE, ANN C. · 2017 to 2017
$4.1M
The Contribution of Age-Related Tauopathies to Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG062348 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI John Fonda Crary, DENNIS WILLIAM DICKSON · 2023 to 2026
$4.0M
Mechanisms of Age-Related TauopathyR01NS095252 · NINDS · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI John Fonda Crary · 2015 to 2026
$3.4M
Characterization of the spatial and temporal response to tau in chronic traumatic encephalopathyR01AG090553 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Jonathan D Cherry, Adam Thomas Labadorf · 2025 to 2026
$1.6M
A non-canonical role for tau in early human brain developmentR01NS136448 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Marco Matthias Hefti · 2024 to 2026
$1.6M
Integrative clustering of cells and samples using multi-modal single-cell dataR01LM013154 · NLM · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI CAMPBELL, JOSHUA D, YAJIMA, MASANAO · 2019 to 2021
$1.1M
Microglial Lysosomal Dysfunction Following Head Trauma Contributes to Tau Pathology in Chronic Traumatic EncephalopathyF31NS132407 · NINDS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI BUTLER, MORGANE LMD · 2023 to 2024
$89k
BLRD VA I01 BX002466BLRD VA I01 BX005933BLRD VA IK2 BX004349NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072978NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062348NIA NIH HHS R01 AG090553NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057902NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG062348NIA NIH HHS U19 AG068753NINDS NIH HHS F31 NS132407NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS095252NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS136448NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS143015NINDS NIH HHS U54 NS115266NLM NIH HHS R01 LM013154
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Repetitive head impacts (RHIs) sustained from contact sports are the largest risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

Indexed as

AthletesAthletic InjuriesCraniocerebral TraumaInflammationNeuronsAdolescentAdultChronic Traumatic EncephalopathyEndothelial CellsFemaleFootballHumansMaleMicrogliaMiddle AgedPhosphorylationtau ProteinsTransforming Growth Factor beta1

Identifiers

PMID40963024
PMCPMC12589125

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.