ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2025
Distinct gastroesophageal reflux characteristics in preterm-born infants fed human milk versus formula: insights for clinical practice on outcomes.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and clinical outcomes among human milk-fed vs. formula-fed infants evaluated for GER disease (GERD).
methodsPreterm-born infants (N = 316, 30.1 ± 3.4 weeks gestation) referred for 24-h pH-impedance testing at 39.8 ± 1.4 weeks postmenstrual age. GER characteristics, short- and long-term outcomes were compared between the human milk- vs. formula-fed infants.
resultsHuman milk-fed infants (vs. formula-fed) had a greater acid reflux index (ARI), and an increased number of acid reflux events, prolonged acid events, and greater proximal acid exposure (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in symptoms, acid clearance, bolus clearance, distal baseline impedance, and discharge outcomes. Bayley composite scores at 2 years were distinct (P < 0.05) for the distribution (%) of receptive and fine motor skills, favoring human milk-fed infants.
conclusionsDespite the pathophysiology caused by acid-GER events, human milk properties may provide better adaptation and modulation of neurosensory and neuromotor responses upon esophageal provocation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.