ArticleScience advances2025
A 2.7-μm-thick robust, permeable, and antifreezing hydrogel electrode for long-term ambulatory health monitoring.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tailored construction and functional applications of conductive hydrogels for bioelectronic interfaces.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Conformal Thermoreversible Gelatin-Based Gel for High-Fidelity Electrophysiological Recording and Acute Peripheral Nerve Interfacing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biomimetic Hydrogels for Bioelectronics and Human-Machine Interactions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Spiderweb-inspired electronically conductive hygroscopic adhesive for chronic bioelectronic interface.Science advances · 2026Article
- Materials-Structure-Hardware-Algorithm Co-Driven Hierarchical Optimization for Flexible Sensors.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- A symbiotic skin hydrogel interface enabled by flexible hydrogel network with embedded enhancement structure.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A multifunctional porous interface bridging 3D architected electronics with skin.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Source-level motion artifact suppression in wearable electrodes: From underlying mechanisms to advanced strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- On-demand formation of ultrathin liquid metal hydrogel tattoos for conformal and low-impedance bioelectronics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Machine-Learning-Enabled Hydrogel Biosensors for Wearable Health Monitoring.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Materials and System Design for Self-Decision Bioelectronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Flexible Polymer-Based Electronics for Human Health Monitoring: A Safety-Level-Oriented Review of Materials and Applications.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Self-compliant ionic nanomesh for gas-permeable and stress-free on-skin electronics.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adaptable hydrogel bioelectronics that sustain long-term, uninterrupted operation are critical for early disease diagnosis and personalized health care. However, conventional hydrogel electrodes suffer from mechanical fragility, rapid dehydration, freezing, and poor comfort because of thickness-induced interfacial gaps. We report a 2.7-micrometer-thick robust, permeable, and antifreezing hydrogel electrode for high-quality 8-day electrophysiological monitoring under everyday scenarios. The ultrathin electrode is fabricated using gelatin hydrogels with temperature-controlled phase change properties reinforced by nanomesh while incorporating lithium chloride, and a binary solvent achieves antifreezing and antidehydration characteristics. The design minimizes flexural rigidity, resulting in high interfacial adhesion energy with human skin, and enhances gas (air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) permeance and water vapor transmission rate. Consequently, the ultrathin hydrogel electrode exhibits high biocompatibility, superior wear comfort, and minimized motion and sweat artifacts, enabling reliable, uninterrupted, wireless health monitoring over eight consecutive days across various real-life activities and adaptation to cold environments.
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Registered trials
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