Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40961181›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Color-resolved third harmonic generation microscopy for single-RBC HbA1c measurement and glycemic history assessment.

Xuhao Ye, Hui-Yuan Chen, Hao-Cheng Gao, Jin-Ying Lu, Yi-Hua Liao, Tzu-Ming Liu, Yu-Hsiang Cheng, Yajing Wei, Lei-Iat Seng, Youyuan Chen and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xuhao YeDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-5902-5590
Hui-Yuan ChenDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Hao-Cheng GaoMolecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.ORCID 0009-0005-4026-0127
Jin-Ying LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-6125-2274
Yi-Hua LiaoDepartment of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-4434-3780
Tzu-Ming LiuInstitute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4260-6169
Yu-Hsiang ChengDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-9202-3338
Yajing WeiInstitute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
Lei-Iat SengInstitute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
Youyuan ChenInstitute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
Tzung-Dau WangCardiovascular Center and Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-7180-3607
Chi-Kuang SunDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-4467-2509

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The spectral absorption of biomolecules holds immense potential for revealing molecular identity, biological functions, and clinical diagnostics. Here, we present color-resolved third harmonic generation microscopy (cTHGM), a noninvasive method for molecular imaging based on absorption-enhanced THG response. Leveraging one single broadband femtosecond laser beam, cTHGM captures subtle absorption variations, including ~2-nanometer shifts in the Soret band, enabling precise distinction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from hemoglobin with negligible phototoxicity. We demonstrate that cTHGM measures HbA1c fractions in single red blood cells (RBCs) in vivo and ex vivo, providing noninvasive HbA1c measurement and insights into HbA1c distribution at the cellular level. In addition, cTHGM reconstructs historical glycemic trajectories by decoding single-RBC HbA1c distributions, offering a retrospective view of glycemic variability over months. This innovative method combines label-free imaging, high spatial and spectral resolution, and noninvasive manners, making it a promising tool for diabetes management, glycemic variability monitoring, and broader applications in precision medicine.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseErythrocytesGlycated HemoglobinMicroscopySingle-Cell AnalysisColorHumansBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, human

Identifiers

PMID40961181
PMCPMC12442847

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.