ArticleGeoHealth2025
Current and Future Projection of Scrub Typhus Risk Related to Land Use Change in China.
Article in GeoHealth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-linear effects and lag patterns of eco-environmental factors on scrub typhus: a spatiotemporal analysis in Yunnan, China, 2015-2022.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends and regional risk factors for scrub typhus in Busan, Republic of Korea: 2019-2023.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Current and Future Projection of Scrub Typhus Risk Related to Land Use Change in China.GeoHealth · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The widespread concern surrounding the enhanced spillover risk of infectious diseases due to dramatic global land use changes has sparked significant discussion. However, the specific implications of these changes on scrub typhus, a vector-borne infectious disease facing increasing incidence and substantial expansion, remain unclear. Here, we constructed a comprehensive landscape fragmentation index (LFI), which reflects the interaction between human activities and natural habitats. Then we utilized a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the comprehensive and segmented impacts of LFI on scrub typhus incidence in China, grouping the results by year, land use type and fragmentation level. Additionally, we projected changes in such impacts under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), including SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. Key results were: (a) The LFI exhibited a nonlinear positive correlation with scrub typhus incidence. Each 0.1 increase in the LFI was associated with a relative risk of 1.20 (95% CI:1.19-1.21) for scrub typhus. Notably, at higher fragmentation levels, scrub typhus incidence tended to decrease. (b) Forest fragmentation had the most significant impact on scrub typhus, followed by cropland fragmentation, whereas construction land fragmentation was negatively associated. (c) The future areas of elevated scrub typhus risk varied among the SSPs, but they were mainly concentrated at the interface between urban expansion and natural habitats. Our results indicate that human interference with the natural ecosystem is a critical factor for the incidence of scrub typhus. These findings are conducive to promoting ecological protection and the prevention and control of scrub typhus.
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