ArticleRoyal Society open science2025
A unified framework for van 't Hoff's law: addressing the complexity of osmotic concentration.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
The original van 't Hoff's law established the theoretical foundation for osmosis but applies only to ideal solutions and membranes. To address real-world complexities (non-ideal solutions, diverse membranes, etc.), multiple variations have emerged over a century. In resolving osmosis-related conceptual issues, our previous work introduced several new fundamental concepts to fill gaps in the study of osmosis and redefined osmotic concentration (OC) as a membrane-dependent, osmosis system-level parameter, not a parameter of any isolated solution. This article examines the multiple factors influencing the initial OC (OC
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