ReviewHealth science reports2025
The Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Use on the Development and Progression of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review.
Review in Health science reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lifestyle Characteristics and Dietary Habits in Romanian Patients with Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- The role of smoking habits in periodontal health and disease: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Correlation between aging, periodontal diagnoses and systemic diseases: a retrospective analysis of 3,000 patients.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- The Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Use on the Development and Progression of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2025Review
- E-cigarette aerosol exposure drives extracellular matrix gene dysregulation and collagen remodeling in gingival fibroblasts: AnJournal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease that impacts the tissues surrounding and supporting teeth. As well as being untreated, it leads to serious dental and overall health issues. While cigarette smoking is widely recognized as a major risk factor for the development and progression of periodontitis, the effects of vaping use on periodontal health remain a subject of growing concern. Aim: This paper aims to investigate the impact of both traditional smoking and vaping use on periodontal health, as well as determine which method poses a greater risk for periodontal disease. Methods: The current systematic review adhered to the PRISMA standards for quantitative systematic reviews. A systematic search was conducted across four databases: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), yielding 2179 studies. Duplicate studies ( Results: The result of this review revealed that cigarette smokers experience worse periodontal conditions than vape smokers and non-smokers. Cigarette smokers exhibited higher Gingival Index (GI), poorer Plaque Index (PI), lower Bleeding on Probing (BOP), mean Probing Depth (PD) exceeding 3 mm, and greater Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). A total of 13 studies were included in this systematic review. Specifically, six studies compared cigarette smokers with vaping smokers and non-smokers, while another six studies focused on the comparison between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Furthermore, one study assessed vaping smokers against non-smokers. Conclusion: This review focuses on the substantial differences in periodontal health between cigarette smokers, vape users, and nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking has been linked to more severe periodontal diseases, including a higher Gingival Index, a lower Plaque Index, and worse Clinical Attachment Loss. While vaping seems to have a lower influence on periodontal health, it deserves further examination. Understanding these distinctions is critical for creating targeted therapies and public health measures to reduce the negative impacts of tobacco and vaping on oral health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.