Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40957859›Full record

ArticleJournal of cosmetic dermatology2025

The Influence of Image Exposure Duration on Facial Perception-Why It Matters.

Michael Alfertshofer, Sebastian Cotofana, Jeremy B Green, Leonard Knoedler, Rod J Rohrich, Kristina Davidovic, Sachin M Shridharani, Carlos Bravo, Samuel Knoedler, Boguslaw Antoszewski and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Michael AlfertshoferDepartment of Oromaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-2376
Sebastian CotofanaDepartment of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7210-6566
Jeremy B GreenSkin Associates of South Florida and Skin Research Institute, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.
Leonard KnoedlerDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Rod J RohrichPrivate Practice, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Kristina DavidovicCenter for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Sachin M ShridharaniDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University, St. Luis, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0193-349X
Carlos BravoPrivate Practice, San José, Costa Rica.
Samuel KnoedlerDepartment of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-8003
Boguslaw AntoszewskiPlastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Joanna KempaIndividual Course of Study in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0026-8252
Anna Kasielska-TrojanPlastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFirst impressions from faces, thought to serve an adaptive evolutionary role, vary by age and gender. Understanding gaze patterns is key to uncovering how these impressions form. Understanding facial gaze during brief (1 s) and longer (8 s) exposures helps identify key facial areas and behaviors, providing insights for better aesthetic assessment for non-invasive and surgical procedures to enhance outcomes and satisfaction.

aimsTo evaluate whether we perceive faces differently depending on the gaze duration.

methodsThe number of stable eye fixations (total fixation count) of n = 55 observers (34 females, 21 males) in seven facial regions of four visual stimulus images (young and old male and female) was analyzed using eye-tracking technology. The four visual stimulus images were presented to the observers twice in a randomized order with exposure times of 1 and 8 s.

resultsRegardless of age or sex of the face, fixation rankings followed similar patterns, with slight shifts between 1 and 8-s exposures. Age- and sex-specific analyses revealed gaze pattern differences.

conclusionA consistent facial scanning pattern, starting with central features (periorbital, nose, perioral) and expanding to cheeks, forehead, chin, and jawline, was observed regardless of the inspection time. However, longer image exposure shifts focus to regions more crucial for facial expressions, such as the perioral and forehead areas. This effect is especially visible for mature faces in which increased exposure time makes observer focus on the areas where age-related changes are most visible (i.e., perioral) and, on the other hand, possible to be corrected with injections.

Indexed as

FaceFacial RecognitionFixation, OcularAdolescentAdultAgedAge FactorsEstheticsEye-Tracking TechnologyFacial ExpressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhotic StimulationSex Factorseye tracking analysesfacial agingfacial beautyfacial perceptionfacial regions

Identifiers

PMID40957859
PMCPMC12440842

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.