Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40957687›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2025

We have the evidence but governments must now build the systems to deliver on hand hygiene.

Joanna Esteves Mills, Bruce Gordon, Lindsay Denny, Ann Thomas, Arnold Oredola Cole, Andrea Lee-Llacer, Sophie Hickling, Alemu Kejela Ababu, Akosua Kwakye, Alyaa Mohamed and 32 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

42 authors.

Joanna Esteves MillsWater, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland jestevesmills@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-1424
Bruce GordonWater, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-9377
Lindsay DennyUNICEF, New York, New York, USA.
Ann ThomasUNICEF, New York, New York, USA.
Arnold Oredola ColeUNICEF East and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya.
Andrea Lee-LlacerGovernment of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Sophie HicklingWaterAid United Kingdom Office, London, UK.
Alemu Kejela AbabuWASH and Environmental Health, Government of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Akosua KwakyeWorld Health Organization Country Office for Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Alyaa MohamedWorld Health Organization Country Office for Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.
Aarin PalomaresGlobal Handwashing Partnership, Washington, Washington, USA.
Nathaniel PaynterUNICEF, New York, New York, USA.
Om Prasad-GautamWaterAid United Kingdom Office, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2682-9071
Siddhi ShresthaUNICEF Nepal Country Office, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Precious KalubulaHealth Emergencies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Zambia.
Bethany A CarusoHUbert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-9857
Matthew C FreemanGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Univ, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-2572
Marlene K WolfeEnvironmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-0450
Sudan Raj PanthiEnvironmental Health, World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5842-8227
Marysol Astrea Liwanag BalaneUNICEF Philippines Country Office, Manila, Philippines.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-5764
Jon Michael VillasenorUNICEF Philippines Country Office, Mandaluyong, Philippines.
Kidist BartolomeusProduct Design and Impact Unit, Science Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Anthony EshofonieWorld Health Organization Country Office for Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bonifacio MagtibayWorld Health Organization Country Office for Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Sory BouareWorld Health Organization Country Office for Mali, Bamako, Mali.
Doussou DoumbiaNational Health Directorate, Government of Mali, Bamako, Mali.
Kachusha NkoshaWaterAid Zambia Country Office, Lusaka, Zambia.
Rajit OjhaMinistry of Water Supply, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Suzzy AbaidooMinistry of Sanitation and Water Resources, Government of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Waltaji KutaneWorld Health Organization Country Office for Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mahamane ToureWaterAid Mali Country Office, Bamako, Mali.
Issaka SangareWaterAid Mali Country Office, Bamako, Mali.
Sanjani LimbuWaterAid Nepal Country Office, Kathamandu, Nepal.
Ahammadul KabirWorld Health Organization Country Office for Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Seema RanjouriaWaterAid Nepal Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Doreen MulembaMinistry of Water and Sanitation, Government of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Suzan AlzubaidyMinistry of Health, Government of Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.
Olga KokshaginaUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Leah HeissMonash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Elisabetta MinelliProduct Design and Impact Unit, Science Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Charles NachinabUNICEF Ghana Country Office, Accra, Ghana.
Oliver CummingLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-8709

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Identifiers

PMID40957687
PMCPMC12834251

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.