Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40957662›Full record

ArticleBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2026

Dysmorphic neurons express markers of inhibitory glycinergic signaling in focal cortical dysplasia IIb.

Ameesha Paliwal, Kevin Faust, Okty Abbasi Borhani, Mugeng Liu, Lauren Omoto, Evelyn Rose Kamski-Hennekam, Parsa Babaei Zadeh, Rifat Shahriar Sajid, Phedias Diamandis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ameesha PaliwalDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-3861
Kevin FaustPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8006-5044
Okty Abbasi BorhaniPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3942-0974
Mugeng LiuPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8175-7698
Lauren OmotoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5044-990X
Evelyn Rose Kamski-HennekamPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9576-7997
Parsa Babaei ZadehPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2804-8747
Rifat Shahriar SajidDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7883-8606
Phedias DiamandisDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9068

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a neurodevelopmental malformation that often manifests as medically refractory epilepsy. A key histological hallmark of FCD type II is the presence of cytomegalic dysmorphic neurons (CDNs), which are considered to be major contributors to cortical network hyperexcitability. However, the relatively low frequency of CDNs within resected lesions has challenged their unbiased molecular characterization. Here, we leverage deep learning approaches to objectively map key anatomical compartments of FCD IIb and guide regional spatial transcriptomic profiling. Using this approach, we generate an anatomical transcriptional catalog of type IIb FCD, and uncover non-canonical markers of signaling and neurotransmitter pathways in CDNs that may serve as new therapeutic targets for this debilitating disorder.

Indexed as

GlycineMalformations of Cortical DevelopmentMalformations of Cortical Development, Group INeuronsEpilepsyFemaleFocal Cortical DysplasiaHumansMaleSignal TransductionTranscriptomeGlycinecomputational pathologydeep learningdysmorphic neuronsepilepsyfocal cortical dysplasiaspatial transcriptomics

Identifiers

PMID40957662
PMCPMC12861570

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.