Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40956975›Full record

ArticleNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2025

The Weak Relationship Between Ankle Proprioception and Gait Speed After Stroke: A Robotic Assessment Study.

Christopher A Johnson, Piyashi Biswas, Rubi Tapia, Jill See, Lucy Dodakian, Vicky Chan, Po T Wang, Zoran Nenadic, An H Do, David J Reinkensmeyer

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Christopher A JohnsonHenry Samueli School of Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1482-9525
Piyashi BiswasHenry Samueli School of Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9801-8828
Rubi TapiaHenry Samueli School of Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jill SeeDepartment of Rehabilitation Services, University of California at Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA.
Lucy DodakianDepartment of Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Vicky ChanDepartment of Rehabilitation Services, University of California at Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA.
Po T WangHenry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6611-3863
Zoran NenadicHenry Samueli School of Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5569-3797
An H DoSchool of Medicine Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
David J ReinkensmeyerUC Irvine School of Medicine Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Henry Samueli School of Engineering Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (and affiliation 1).

Funding

Institute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUM1TR004927 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI DAN M COOPER, Eric J. Vilain · 2024 to 2026
$12.2M
Brain-computer interface-functional electrical stimulation for stroke recoveryR01HD095457 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI CRAMER, STEVEN C., DO, AN · 2019 to 2023
$3.7M
EFFECTIVENESS OF ROBOT-ASSISTED HAND MOVEMENT TRAINING AFTER STROKER01HD062744 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI David Jay Reinkensmeyer · 2010 to 2026
$3.5M
ACL HHS 90REGE0010NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004927NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD062744NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD095457
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAfter stroke, ankle proprioceptive deficits are common and do not typically correlate with ankle weakness. Some studies report that these deficits correlate with gait function, supporting the importance of somatosensory input for gait control. Others have not found a relationship, possibly due to use of coarse proprioception measures. Robotic assessments of proprioception offer improved consistency and sensitivity.

objectiveTo establish relationships between ankle proprioception, gait function, and ankle motor in stroke survivors.

methodsWe studied 39 individuals in the chronic phase of stroke using 2 robotic tests, Crisscross and Joint Position Reproduction (JPR), to quantify ankle proprioception. We examined associations of these measures with gait speed (10-meter walk test) and gait endurance (6-minute walk test). We also analyzed correlations with lower extremity motor impairment, including robotic measures of ankle strength (MVC) and active range of motion (AROM), and the lower extremity Fugl-Meyer exam (LEFM).

resultsImpaired ankle proprioception was present in 87% of participants. Crisscross error weakly correlated with the 10mWT gait speed (ρ = -0.20,

conclusionThese results confirm the presence of a weak relationship between ankle proprioception and gait after stroke that is independent of several common measures of motor impairment.

Indexed as

AnkleGait Disorders, NeurologicProprioceptionRoboticsStrokeWalking SpeedAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRange of Motion, Articularclinical testsgaitmuscle strengthproprioceptionroboticsstroke rehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID40956975
PMCPMC12443327

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.