Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40956673›Full record

Observational studyJournal of women's health (2002)2026

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Postpartum Pain and Opioid Consumption after Cesarean Delivery.

Jenna M Wilson, Emily Rosado, Angelina R Franqueiro, Jingui He, Cody R Sain, Ayumi Maeda, Michaela K Farber, Lawrence C Tsen, Antje M Barreveld, Samantha M Meints and 4 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of women's health (2002), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jenna M WilsonDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3154-0467
Emily RosadoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Angelina R FranqueiroDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jingui HeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Cody R SainDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ayumi MaedaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Michaela K FarberDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8329-2277
Lawrence C TsenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Antje M BarreveldDepartment of Anesthesiology, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA, USA.
Samantha M MeintsDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Victoria R FalsoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
James P RathmellDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Mieke SoensDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Kristin L SchreiberDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Personalizing Perioperative Preventive Analgesia: Translational Studies Investigating the Biopsychosocial Underpinnings of Enhanced Pain PropensityR35GM128691 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KRISTIN SCHREIBER · 2018 to 2026
$4.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM128691
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRetrospective studies suggest that Black and Hispanic patients may experience greater postpartum pain and receive fewer analgesic medications after cesarean delivery compared with Asian and White patients. This study prospectively investigated racial and ethnic differences in postpartum pain and opioid consumption.

methodsIn this prospective, observational study conducted from 2018 to 2021, women scheduled for cesarean delivery completed validated psychological and pain questionnaires. On postoperative days (PODs) 0-2, nurses assessed pain (0-10) and administered opioid analgesics as needed. Average and maximal pain severity scores across PODs 0-2 were calculated. Administered opioid doses were converted to morphine milligram equivalents and normalized per hour (MME/hour) across PODs 0-2. Analyses of covariance examined racial and ethnic differences in postpartum pain and opioid consumption, controlling for maternal age, body mass index, preoperative pain severity, cesarean delivery type, and surgical duration.

resultsPatients (

conclusionSubstantial variability in postpartum pain was observed within each racial and ethnic group, highlighting the importance of factors beyond race and ethnicity that may modulate pain. Given the lack of significant differences in psychological factors assessed, future research should investigate additional psychosocial factors (e.g., experiences of discrimination) and resilience factors (e.g., optimism) that may help identify targets for intervention.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidCesarean SectionEthnicityPostoperative PainRacial GroupsAdultAsianBlack or African AmericanFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansPain MeasurementPostpartum PeriodPregnancyProspective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesAnalgesics, Opioidcesarean deliveryopioidspainpostpartumrace and ethnicity

Identifiers

PMID40956673
PMCPMC13175683

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.