ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2026
Global, Regional, and National Sex Disparities in the Burden of Malignant Neoplasms of Bone and Articular Cartilage: a Systematic Analysis and Projections to 2050.
Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- ASO Author Reflections: Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- ASO Author Reflections: Resilience and Nutritional Modulation to Enhance Recovery in Gastric Cancer: Toward Integrative Perioperative Oncology.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Burden of Malignant Neoplasm of Bone and Articular Cartilage: Trends (1990-2021), Projections to 2030, and Comparison Between China and the G20 Countries (GBD 2021).Clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- Trends, Global Comparisons, and Projections of the Burden of Malignant Neoplasm of Bone and Articular Cartilage in China Based on GBD 2021.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrimary malignant neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage disproportionately affect younger populations, causing premature mortality and long-term disability. Despite recognized sex-based disparities, global analyses of sociodemographic influences and future projections remain limited.
methodsUsing the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data from global, regional, and national levels across 204 countries or territories, we analyzed sex-, age-, and region-stratified incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In addition, we evaluated temporal trends (1990-2021), socioeconomic disparities, and projected burden to 2050.
resultsBetween 1990 and 2021, global age-standardized incidence rate increased 14.28%; males experienced an 18.3% increase compared with 7.68% in females. Age-standardized mortality rate stabilized globally but diverged by sex (males: +2.09%; females: -3.91%). Age-standardized DALYs rate increased marginally overall (0.1%), driven by rising male (+3.95%) and declining female (-5.95%) burdens. Lower socioeconomic regions (e.g., eastern sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia) faced disproportionately high burdens, contrasting with high-income regions. By 2050, the ASIR for male is projected to increase 20.44%, whereas female may decline (-12.99%), with low Sociodemographic Index countries bearing escalating burdens.
conclusionsPersistent gender disparities highlight higher incidence, mortality, and DALYs among males, consistent across regions and most age groups. The shifting burden toward lower-resource settings underscores systemic inequities in healthcare access.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.