Evaluation of external apical root resorption and apical root displacement in maxillary molars with different sinus-root relationships by cone-beam computed tomography.

Yuhan Li, Kexin Li, Xiangyi Li, Yibiao Yin, Zilong Ren, Sijia Cai, Xiulin Yan

Abstract read

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Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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2citing papers in PubMed

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3 · Its place in the literature

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2 citing papers in PubMed.

Evaluation of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) in adolescent patients with class II malocclusion undergoing treatment with rigid and hybrid fixed functional appliances: a randomized clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2026
Trial
Skeletal Class II malocclusion is associated with a more distant maxillary first molar-sinus adjacency: a retrospective CBCT study in adults.BMC oral health · 2026
Article

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5 · Who and what money

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7 authors.

Yuhan LiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang clinical medical research center of orthodontic disease, China Medical University, NO.117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.

Kexin LiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang clinical medical research center of orthodontic disease, China Medical University, NO.117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.

Xiangyi LiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang clinical medical research center of orthodontic disease, China Medical University, NO.117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.

Yibiao YinDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang clinical medical research center of orthodontic disease, China Medical University, NO.117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.

Zilong RenDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang clinical medical research center of orthodontic disease, China Medical University, NO.117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.

Sijia CaiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang clinical medical research center of orthodontic disease, China Medical University, NO.117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.

Xiulin YanDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang clinical medical research center of orthodontic disease, China Medical University, NO.117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China. yanxiulin1004@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the effects of different pretreatment sinus-root relationships on external apical root resorption (EARR) and apical root displacement (ARD) of maxillary molars in maxillary premolar extraction treatment using a split-mouth design. MATERIALS AND

methodsPaired palatal roots of maxillary molars with different sinus-root relationships from the same patients were included in groups based on pretreatment CBCT. The relationships were classified as follows: type I, root separated from the maxillary sinus floor (MSF); type II, root contacting MSF; and type III, root protruding into the maxillary sinus. Pretreatment and posttreatment CBCT images were superimposed to quantify three-dimensional ARD. EARR length was measured post-orthodontics. Groups I vs. II and II vs. III were analyzed using paired t-tests/Wilcoxon tests, respectively. Analysis of associated factors was conducted using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE).

resultsMean EARR was < 1 mm across all types. Type II roots exhibited greater extrusive displacement in vertical ARD (P < 0.01) and increased EARR (P < 0.001) compared to type I. Type III roots demonstrated reduced mesial ARD compared to type II (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in EARR between types II and III. Type II roots were found to promote more EARR than type I (P < 0.001), while type III roots restricted mesial ARD compared to type II (P < 0.05).

conclusionsRoots contacting MSF before orthodontic treatment increase EARR of maxillary molars, though the values remain clinically acceptable. Protrusion into the maxillary sinus prior to orthodontic treatment restricts the mesial movement of molar roots in the maxillary premolar extraction treatment, suggesting MSF morphology modulates orthodontic outcomes, duration, and anchorage demands. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A pretreatment evaluation of sinus-root relationship is recommended to anticipate the sequelae and biomechanical limitation in maxillary molars. However, complications from MSF proximity rarely necessitate excessive concern from orthodontists clinically.

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyMaxillary SinusMolarRoot ResorptionTooth ApexTooth RootAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleMaxillaTooth ExtractionApical root displacementCone-beam computed tomographyExternal apical root resorptionMaxillary sinus floorSplit-mouth study

Identifiers

PMID40956505

DOI10.1007/s00784-025-06540-w

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.