ArticleJournal of community health2026
Educational Inequality in Tobacco Smoking in Vietnam: Results from Vietnam's Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Surveys 2020-2024.
Article in Journal of community health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to examine recent trends and educational inequality in smoking prevalence among Vietnamese adults between 2020 and 2024, providing evidence to inform targeted tobacco control interventions. Data were obtained from three rounds of the Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (PGATS) conducted in Vietnam (2020, 2022-2023, and 2024), involving nationwide samples totaling 69,776, 61,763, and 74,962 participants aged 25 or older, respectively. Current smoking and daily smoking rates were estimated. Absolute (Slope Index of Inequality, SII) and relative inequalities (Relative Index of Inequality, RII) of current smoking and daily smoking were analyzed using the Poisson regression-based method in regard of educational level. Overall smoking prevalence among those aged 25 and older declined from 24.4% in 2020 to 20.8% in 2024, with the male smoking rate of 47.3% and 41.1%, respectively. Daily smoking showed a similar trend (19.8% in 2020 to 16.6% in 2024). The smoking prevalence among men was consistently higher than among women, and rural residents, married individuals, and lower educational groups exhibited higher smoking rates across all years. The substantial educational inequalities persisted. Absolute inequalities slightly decreased for current smoking (SII: 18.5% in 2020 to 14.3% in 2024) and daily smoking (SII: 18.1-15.0%), yet relative inequalities remained stable (RII from 0.47 to 0.51 for current smoking; approximately 0.40 for daily smoking). While Vietnam has experienced a moderate decline in smoking prevalence, significant educational inequalities persist. To effectively address tobacco-related disparities, targeted interventions focusing on socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are necessary, underscoring the need for equity-oriented tobacco control policies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40956502What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.