Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40956362›Full record

ReviewOral and maxillofacial surgery2025

Mechanism patterns and age variations in pediatric cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 5-year analysis of the national trauma data bank.

Kirav Patel, Bryce Thornton, Boyu Ma, Yedeh Ying, Jaime Castro-Nunez

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kirav Patel *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. kpatel48@uab.edu.
Bryce Thornton *School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Boyu MaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Yedeh YingDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Jaime Castro-NunezDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePediatric craniomaxillofacial trauma presents unique diagnostic and management challenges due to the anatomical and developmental characteristics of children.

methodsThis retrospective study analyzed 795,431 pediatric trauma cases (ages 0-18 years) from the National Trauma Data Bank (2017-2022) to characterize injury patterns and risk factors.

resultsAmong 119,324 cases (15.0%) involving craniomaxillofacial fractures, incidence increased significantly with age, from 0.93% in infants to 5.59% in adolescents. Motor vehicle collisions were the leading mechanism, doubling fracture risk (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 2.19-2.59), while proper restraint use reduced risk by 43% (odds ratio 0.572, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.62). Falls were the predominant mechanism in younger children, whereas motor vehicle collisions, assault, and firearm-related injuries increased with age. Fracture patterns shifted developmentally: cranial vault fractures dominated in younger children, while cranial base, midface, mandibular, and dental fractures became prevalent in older populations.

conclusionThese findings emphasize the need for age-specific prevention strategies, including improved restraint compliance and targeted injury mitigation programs, to reduce the burden of pediatric facial trauma.

Indexed as

Maxillofacial InjuriesSkull FracturesAccidental FallsAccidents, TrafficAdolescentAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleRetrospective StudiesBasilarChildCranialCranial nerve injuriesDatabasesEpiduralFacial bonesFacial injuriesFactualFracture fixationHematomaInfantMandibular condyleMandibular fracturesMaxillary fracturesNasal boneOrbital fracturesPediatricsSkull fractureZygomatic fractures

Identifiers

PMID40956362
PMCPMC12441080

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.