ArticleANS. Advances in nursing science
An Update to the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness.
Article in ANS. Advances in nursing science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a theory-based self-management digital intervention to promote physical activity in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Respir'air BPCO.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Management: An Underappreciated Means to Improve Patient Outcomes.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the persian version of the EHFScBS-C: a confirmatory factor analysis.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Self-Care Behaviors in Osteoporosis: A Cross-Cultural Study Using Multidimensional Analysis of Textual Data.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2026Article
- Defining Life Stages and Mapping Care Trajectories: A Narrative Review of Life-Course Theories, Models and Frameworks.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Review
- Current status and global trends in self-care among patients with heart failure: challenges and opportunities.The journal of cardiovascular aging · 2026Article
- Self-Care Behaviors and Dietary Habits Among Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Self-Care Experiences and Support Needs of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Multimorbidity: A Qualitative Study Informed by the Caring Life-Course Theory.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Factors associated with self-care engagement among oesophageal and gastric cancer survivors: a population-based cross-sectional study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- A retrospective medical record review of patients' decisions to utilise or refrain from brief admission.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Experiences of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using Technology to Personalize Self-Care Decision-Making: Interpretive Description Study.JMIR cardio · 2026Article
- Virtual health coaching to improve self-care among informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults during a transition in care: Randomized controlled trial study protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Improving self-care behaviors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using a knowledge-based intelligent self-care system: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing Adherence to Self-Care in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CARDIS (Cardiac ARrest DIgital Support): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a web-based support intervention for cardiac arrest survivors.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Self-Care Behaviors in People Living with Osteoporosis: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Self-care and self-efficacy in self-care behaviors of older adults with multiple chronic conditions living in low-middle income country: an observational study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Psychosocial Support as a Multidisciplinary Asset in Hypertension Care: A Systematic Review of Medication Adherence, Blood Pressure Outcomes, and Social Context Exposures.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Association between fatigue and self-care in patients with heart failure: a cross-sectional study.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2026Article
- Digital Health Delivery Models for Hypertension Self-Care in Asia: A Systematic Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSelf-care is essential in the management of chronic illness. In 2012, we published a middle-range theory addressing self-care as a process of maintaining health through health-promoting practices and managing chronic illness. Three key concepts in the theory were self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. Self-care maintenance refers to those behaviors performed to improve well-being, preserve health, or maintain physical and emotional stability. Self-care monitoring is the process of routine vigilant surveillance, self-awareness, and body monitoring or body listening. Self-care management involves the response to signs and symptoms when they occur. In 2019, we updated the theory, specifying the important contribution of symptoms to self-care. Assumptions and propositions of the theory were specified in the original publication; both are expanded in this update. PURPOSE: Here, we update the theory to reflect changes in our thinking and what has been learned from published literature and discussions with others. An important addition is a detailed discussion of 6 essential intrapersonal requirements for self-care: experience, knowledge, skills, reflection, decision-making, and motivation. These requirements interact dynamically; the order in which they are presented is not meant to reflect the order in which they are developed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: These factors are particularly important in guiding the development of self-care interventions. Readers can now refer to this version instead of the 2012 publication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.