Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40955478›Full record

ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2026

The Feasibility and Quality of the European Prescribing Exam: An International Multicenter Pilot Study Among 3109 Medical Students From 16 Medical Schools.

Erik M Donker, Joost D Piët, David J Brinkman, Milan C Richir, Paraskevi Papaioannidou, Robert Likic, Emilio J Sanz, Thierry Christiaens, João N Costa, Fabrizio De Ponti and 5 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Erik M DonkerSection Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8169-0714
Joost D PiëtSection Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0000-7380-4876
David J BrinkmanSection Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3816-6375
Milan C RichirSection Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5523-083X
Paraskevi Papaioannidou1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-8880-0288
Robert LikicUnit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0003-1413-4862
Emilio J SanzSchool of Health Science, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6788-4435
Thierry ChristiaensDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-4064-2908
João N CostaLaboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-5831-4921
Fabrizio De PontiPharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0367-9595
Ylva BöttigerDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3364-5767
Cornelis KramersDepartment of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5398-6414
Michiel A van AgtmaelSection Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7966-6934
Jelle TichelaarSection Pharmacotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7485-9219
Erasmus+ consortium EuroPE+ and the EACPT Education Working Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge "Medication Without Harm" emphasizes the need to improve doctors' prescribing competence. Junior doctors are particularly at risk of prescribing errors due to inadequate training. To address this, the European Prescribing Exam was developed to standardize and improve clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education across Europe. This study describes the development and quality analysis of the first two pilot examinations. Based on European consensus studies and the Dutch National Pharmacotherapy Assessment, an assessment blueprint was developed. Two pilot examinations, each with 36 knowledge-based and 11 skills-based questions, were administered between 2020 and 2023 at 16 medical schools in 11 countries. We assessed exam quality through reliability (standard error of measurement, Cronbach's alpha, item-rest correlations (R

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceDrug PrescriptionsEducational MeasurementEducation, Medical, UndergraduatePharmacology, ClinicalSchools, MedicalStudents, MedicalCurriculumEuropeFeasibility StudiesHumansPilot ProjectsReproducibility of Results

Identifiers

PMID40955478
PMCPMC12746524

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.