ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Circular RNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural evolution of ionizable lipids for nucleic acid delivery.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2026Review
- RNA therapeutics: current status and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Circular RNAs: Unlocking new avenues in cardiometabolic disease management.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Enhancing Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Circular RNA and mRNA Expression in the Placenta through Inhibition of IFNAR-JAK-STAT Signaling.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles for Targeted RNA Delivery in Immune and Inflammatory Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticle delivery of circle RNA vaccine induces potent immune responses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Circular RNA as a New Vaccine Platform: Considerations, Challenges, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Durability of DNA-LNP and mRNA-LNP vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
With the advent and widespread use of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), RNA vaccines have emerged as an exciting class of vaccine offering low cost, rapid development, and high modularity and manufacturability. Protein-coding circular RNA (circRNA) is an emerging class of RNA cargo that offers increased stability compared to mRNA with potentially reduced immunogenicity, but delivery technologies for intracellular delivery of circRNA remain underexplored. Here, we develop an optimized lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform for circRNA delivery to immune cells, observing strong and durable transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. We employ a design-of-experiments (DoE) methodology to identify key formulation parameters for enhanced circRNA delivery and, upon intramuscular administration of our optimized circRNA LNPs to mice, observe substantial accumulation within draining lymph nodes and strong dendritic cell (DC) maturation at short time points. Applying this optimized circRNA LNP platform to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrate robust antibody production and enhanced immune responses in mice compared to vaccination with mRNA LNPs, including strong T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.