ArticleJAMA network open2025
Clinical Testing for COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Hospitalized Youths, 2016-2024.
Article in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sensitivity of gargle samples compared to swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection with nucleic acid amplification testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2026Pooled it
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Hospitalizations Among Infants Receiving Nirsevimab.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- How Pandemics Have Reshaped the Respiratory Virus Data Landscape in Europe: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Young Children Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Failure From Infection With Respiratory Syncytial Virus, SARS-CoV-2, or Both, November 2023-March 2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Resurgence and clinical evolution of influenza A in Chinese children: shifting epidemiology and serological dynamics across pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic eras (2019-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Inappropriate Viral Testing within the Pediatric Emergency Department.Pediatric quality & safetyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Studies of COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease clinical epidemiology, disease burden, and vaccine effectiveness often rely on clinical testing to identify cases, particularly with increasing use of electronic health record data. However, few data are available describing clinical testing practices to inform interpretation of these studies. Objective: To characterize clinical testing frequency for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV among children and adolescents hospitalized with acute respiratory illness during the 2016 to 2024 respiratory illness seasons by age, intensive care unit admission, and time period (2016-2020 and each season in 2020-2024); estimate the case fraction missed by clinical testing alone; and identify patient characteristics associated with clinical testing. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected through prospective surveillance with systematic molecular testing (surveillance testing) for SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and RSV among children and adolescents younger than 18 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 6 US medical centers during the winter respiratory illness seasons of 2016 to 2024. In-hospital clinical molecular testing data were abstracted from the medical record. Main Outcomes and Measures: The proportion of children and adolescents with clinical molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and RSV. Results: During 2016 to 2024, a total of 26 073 hospitalized youths were enrolled (14 459 aged <2 years [55.5%]; 14 833 male [56.9%]), including 12 090 youths during 2016 to 2020 combined. Overall, 10 450 youths (40.1%) had an underlying medical condition. The proportion of youths with clinical testing decreased for SARS-CoV-2 from 3965 of 4388 youths (90.4%) during 2020 to 2021 to 2802 of 3685 youths (76.0%) during 2023 to 2024 (P < .001). In contrast, clinical testing increased from the 2016 to 2020 seasons to the 2023 to 2024 season for influenza viruses (5384 of 12 090 youths [44.5%] to 2740 of 3685 youths [74.4%]; P < .001) and RSV (5072 youths [42.0%] to 2638 youths [71.6%]; P < .001). During the 2023 to 2024 season, the proportion of youths identified as positive for each virus by surveillance testing alone (ie, without clinical testing) was 23 of 112 youths (20.5%) for SARS-CoV-2, 78 of 286 youths (27.3%) for influenza, and 290 of 979 youths (29.6%) for RSV; youths were more likely to receive clinical testing if they were admitted to the intensive care unit (eg, SARS-CoV-2: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.62; 95% CI, 2.06-3.33) or had underlying conditions (eg, any vs no underlying condition for SARS-CoV-2: aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33-1.84). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, SARS-CoV-2 clinical testing decreased between 2020 to 2021 and 2023 to 2024 seasons, whereas influenza and RSV testing increased significantly between 2016 to 2020 and 2023 to 2024 seasons; approximately three-quarters of children and adolescents were tested for the 3 viruses in 2023 to 2024.
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