ArticleJournal of nephrology2025
A life cycle assessment of peritoneal dialysis procurement in Italy: environmental burden and opportunities for improvement.
Article in Journal of nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing environmental footprints of haemodialysis and online haemodiafiltration in Italy.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Ten tips to preserve and reuse water in nephrology.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Environmental footprint of peritoneal dialysis in Europe: a comparative life cycle assessment across four European centres.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Greener dialysis in practice: life cycle assessment of sustainable practice changes in haemodialysis care.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProcurement activities in healthcare, especially within nephrology, contribute significantly to the environmental footprint. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), procurement of consumables such as dialysis bags, tubing, and machines plays a critical role in driving environmental impacts. Previous studies, including those by the National Health Service (NHS), have shown that procurement can account for up to 72% of the healthcare sector's carbon emissions.
methodsA life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted from April to July 2024 at the Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit of AOU Policlinico di Modena, Italy, in accordance with ISO 14040/14044 standards. The study focused on procurement-related environmental impacts in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), based on a standard prescription of two 5L bags overnight and one 2L daytime dwell per day. Products were dismantled to assess materials and modelled using OpenLCA with the Ecoinvent v3.10 database. Transportation, manufacturing, and waste disposal were included within system boundaries.
resultsThe 5L Dialysate Bag (used twice daily) had the highest carbon footprint (1515 kg carbon dioxide equivalent [CO
conclusionThe environmental impact of PD procurement is concentrated in a few high-use, high-impact items. Reduction strategies should target material substitutions, modular product design, and lower-emission transport and energy use. Innovations such as local dialysate mixing, improved waste segregation, and increased recyclability could substantially reduce the environmental burden of PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.