Enhancing Clinical Data Management Through Barcode Integration and Research Electronic Data Capture: Scalable and Adaptable Implementation Study.

Background: Effective data management is crucial in clinical studies for precise tracking, secure storage, and reliable analysis of samples. Traditional systems often encounter challenges like barcode recognition errors, inadequate data details, and diminished performance under heavy workloads. Objective: This paper aims to enhance clinical data management by improving barcode robustness, increasing data granularity, and boosting system throughput. These improvements address key challenges in barcode informatics systems, as highlighted in previous studies, to better support real clinical applications. In addition, we aim to validate the design criteria on various gastrointestinal-related studies, ensuring it can be easily integrated into other clinical data management workflows. Methods: We evaluated the robustness of various barcode technologies under significant blurring conditions, implemented a dynamic organ-specific archive in the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) database for various clinical study data collection criteria, and used Docker to containerize the informatics software for different studies. In addition, we proposed a local cache system to reduce interaction times with REDCap for large-scale data records. Experimental setups include assessing barcode recognition accuracy under various levels of image blurring, showcasing different study types managed with the organ-specific archive, and measuring system throughput and response times with and without the proposed local cache system. Results: Our findings demonstrate that the DataMatrix barcode exhibits superior resilience, maintaining high recognition accuracy under blurred conditions. The dynamic organ-specific archive in REDCap enabled precise tracking of sample origins, improving data granularity. Docker containerization streamlines software deployment and ensures consistency across studies. The local cache system significantly reduces interaction times with REDCap, decreasing operating time by nearly eightfold compared to the naïve strategy when handling large patient datasets. Conclusions: The proposed enhancements significantly improve barcode robustness, data granularity, and system throughput in the informatics system, addressing key limitations identified in previous studies. These optimizations ensure efficient data management and robust support for diverse clinical research needs.