ArticleCureus2025
Midwifery Management of Hiesho in Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Survey in Japan.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective The symptom of cold extremities, known in Japan as Hiesho, may be associated with risks of complications during pregnancy and delivery. Thus, Hiesho care is clinically important for improving comfort and for preventing potential complications. The purpose of this study is to describe the actual practices of Hiesho care provided to pregnant women by midwives working in hospitals, clinics, and maternity homes across Japan. Methods This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. A questionnaire survey was conducted from January to April 2021, targeting midwives working at obstetric facilities nationwide. The survey included questions on the effect of Hiesho on pregnancy, which pregnant women were considered to require Hiesho care, and the specific care methods used. Chi-square tests were conducted to analyze the response rates from hospitals, clinics, and maternity homes. Free-text responses were categorized based on similarities and differences. Results A total of 1,677 midwives responded (response rate: 58.8%). Also, 1,494 midwives (89.1%) reported having experiences providing health guidance, and 1,136 midwives (67.7%) reported having experiences providing physical care as Hiesho care. Compared to their counterparts at hospitals and clinics, midwives at maternity homes were significantly more likely to possess experience in both health guidance (p
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