ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2025
Biomarkers for the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodules: are we there yet?
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Leveraging Commercially Available Protein Assays as Biomarkers for Lung Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for Lung Nodule Risk Stratification: Are We There Yet?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical significance of serum levels of 14-3-3β protein in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs), which are nodules that cannot be classified as definitively benign or malignant at the time of detection, are now diagnosed on the order of millions per year. Management of IPNs remains heavily debated, and routine practice ultimately involves some balance of overall clinical risk assessment and additional diagnostic tests or procedures which may generate significant risk, cost, and worry. Biomarkers are biologically based tests or indicators capable of accurately characterizing the physiologic properties of homeostasis and disease that are not otherwise easily evaluated by the clinician. Accurate biomarkers thereby serve as reliable surrogates for biological aberrancy, and importantly for the field of diagnostics, can signal early pathology before it becomes clinically detectable. In the realm of IPNs, biomarker development seeks to address a growing need for noninvasive adjunct tools that can be leveraged clinically to add clarity where diagnostic uncertainty exists. Here, effective diagnostic biomarkers have the potential to hone clinical management, accelerate treatment when indicated, and curb added unnecessary diagnostics. In this review article, the authors highlight the role for biomarkers in the diagnosis of IPNs, outline the methodology for successful biomarker development, and discuss contemporary IPN biomarker research and the remaining challenges and future directions for the field.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.