Localization of a single tactile stimulus during saccadic eye movements.

To localize tactile events in external space, our perceptual system must transform skin-based locations into an external frame of reference. Such a transformation has been reported to involve reference frames that are unrelated to tactile sensations, such as eye position, which supports the idea that a visual reference frame is a single unified frame of reference for transforming spatial information from all sensory modalities. However, it remains unclear how tactile events are perceptually localized during saccadic eye movements. In this study, we presented a single tactile stimulus at a fixed location on the skin and investigated the time course of its localization before, during, and after a saccade. Participants reported the perceived location of the tactile stimulus in a visually aligned virtual space. We found that the tactile stimulus was mislocalized in the direction of the saccade. This mislocalization appeared even before the presentation of the saccade target and continued until 500 ms after saccade onset. These findings demonstrate that tactile localization is influenced by saccade planning or preparation and suggest that the time course of tactile localization during a saccade may differ from previously reported patterns of visual localization during a saccade.