The Pandora's Box of Cardiac Devices: A Case of Infective Endocarditis Postpatent Foramen Ovale Closure.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital cardiac defect present in approximately 30% of the general population. While often asymptomatic, it is associated with cryptogenic stroke and paradoxical embolism. Percutaneous closure using atrial septal defect occluder is an effective preventive strategy, but these devices carry a risk of rare complications, including infective endocarditis. Device-associated infective endocarditis is often linked to transient bacteremia following invasive procedures, highlighting the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis. However, the clinical presentation can be variable, requiring a high index of suspicion and advanced imaging for the diagnosis. We describe the case of a 55-year-old woman with hypertension, obesity, and a history of PFO closure with an Amplatzer occluder, who developed infective endocarditis weeks after a dental procedure. She presented with fever, vomiting, and confusion, initially misdiagnosed with encephalitis. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed large filamentous vegetation on the Amplatzer occluder, causing functional mitral regurgitation. Blood cultures identified