Impact of gestational omega-3 supplementation on offspring immunity in goats.

Background: Gestational nutrition, particularly in organic dairy goat farming, where natural feeding is mandatory for early gestation, plays a crucial role in determining the health of farm animal offspring. Omega-3 fatty acids are important for extending gestation periods, enhancing neonatal vitality, and increasing birth weights, primarily through their positive impact on colostrum composition. Aims: This study focused on the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for developing passive immunity in offspring. Methods: Sixty-nine pregnant German Fawn x Hair crossbred does were divided into two groups. One group received fish oil (group F, n=35) and the other rumen protected fat (RPF) (group P, n=34) during the first half of gestation. In the second half of gestation, these groups were further split: group FF (n=16) continued on fish oil, while group FP (n=19) switched to RPF; group PP (n=17) remained on RPF, and group PF (n=17) switched to fish oil. Blood was collected from 60 kids at various times post-birth to measure immune factors. Immunoglobulins were quantified using the ELISA method, while biochemical parameters were assessed spectrophotometrically. Results: The PF and PP groups showed significantly higher IgA levels (P<0.05). The PF group also had a significant increase in total protein (P<0.05). Conclusion: The dietary strategy in our study did not positively influence passive immune transfer. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and timing of these supplements to maximize benefits.