ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Formulation and Evaluation of VCAM-1-Targeted Methotrexate Lipid Nanoparticles for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Programming the beating heart with polymer catalysis: a therapeutic microenvironment revolution.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporally targeted nanocapsules combined with mild photothermal therapy regulate the synovial microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Theranostic Nanoprobes for Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Inflammation Visualization to Guided Precision Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Advancing Arthritis Therapy: The Frontier of Targeted and Responsive Nanomedicine.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but has poor targeting and significant side effects. This study developed MTX-loaded lipid nanoparticles modified with PVCAM-1 peptide (MTX@LNP-PVCAM-1) to enhance targeting and reduce toxicity. Methods: MTX@LNP-PVCAM-1 was prepared using the thin-film dispersion method. Particle size and morphology were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Biocompatibility was tested using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and hemolysis assays. Cellular uptake was examined via fluorescence microscopy, while cytotoxicity and cell migration inhibition were evaluated using CCK-8 and scratch assays. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Distribution in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats was observed using in vivo imaging, and safety and anti-inflammatory effects were assessed through blood tests, paw volume, joint scores, and histology. Results: MTX@LNP-PVCAM-1 had an average particle size of 168.5 nm, PDI of 0.142, and zeta potential of -12.1 mV, with spherical morphology. It exhibited pH responsiveness and good biocompatibility. Compared with unmodified MTX@LNP, PVCAM-1 surface modification significantly increased cellular uptake efficiency ( Conclusion: MTX@LNP-PVCAM-1 combines passive and active targeting, delivering MTX efficiently to inflamed sites and reducing toxicity. This approach enhances anti-inflammatory effects in AIA rats, offering a potential strategy for low-toxicity RA treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.