ArticleTranslational andrology and urology2025
Trends in international medical graduate representation in urology residency and fellowship matches.
Article in Translational andrology and urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Diversity enhances quality, innovation, and cultural competence; however, international medical graduates (IMGs) may face disparities in matching into American residency and fellowship programs. This study aimed to examine the influence of medical education [US/Canada (US/CA) Methods: We analyzed the American Urological Association residency and subspecialty fellowship match data (2014-2024), examining trends in total match slots and those filled by US/CA Results: 7,273 applicants [6,061 (83.3%) US/CA; 1,212 (16.7%) IMG] participated in urology matches from 2014-2024, with 4,995 (68.7%) applying to residency and 2,278 (31.3%) to fellowship programs. Total residency and fellowship slots significantly increased from 385 in 2014 to 586 in 2024 (ρ=1.00; P<0.001). Matched US/CA applicants rose significantly from 342 to 499 (ρ=0.99; P<0.001), while matched IMGs showed no significant change (ρ=0.51; P=0.10). US/CA applicants primarily drove the increase in filled slots. Secondary analyses showed US/CA applicants had significantly higher match rates overall [odds ratio (OR) =10.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.1-12.1, P<0.001], in residency (OR =6.7, 95% CI: 5.3-8.5, P<0.001), and fellowship (OR =17.8, 95% CI: 14.4-22.5, P<0.001). Conclusions: Over the past decade, urology residency and fellowship slots have increased, predominantly filled by more US/CA applicants. In contrast, IMG participation and match rates have remained stagnant, with significantly lower outcomes overall and within both matches.
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