Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40949132›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025

Systems pharmacology identifies ajugol-mediated NF-κB/caspase-3 inhibition and isoacteoside-driven p62/mTOR-mediated autophagy as key mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix and its processed form in Alzheimer's treatment.

Xiang Han, Xianglong Meng, Yuhui Wu, Wei Xia, Simin Xue, Xiaoqin Liu, Chenzi Lyu, Ziang Li, Xiaoning Yan, Hyo Won Jung and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiang HanCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Xianglong MengCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Yuhui WuCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Wei XiaCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Simin XueCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Xiaoqin LiuCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Chenzi LyuCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Ziang LiCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Xiaoning YanCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
Hyo Won JungDepartment of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea.
Shuosheng ZhangCollege of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal dysfunction, resulting in severe cognitive and memory decline. The root of the Scrophulariaceae plant Methods: In this study, APP/PS1 mice were used as the animal model of AD. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) (UPLC-QE-MS/MS), network pharmacology, proteomics, molecular docking, and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to investigate the differences in the medicinal components of RR and RRP and their mechanisms of action in the treatment of AD. The mechanisms of action of two identified critical components, ajugol and isoacteoside, were further verified in the D-galactose/AlCl Results: Ajugol and isoacteoside were identified as the key anti-AD bioactive compounds in RR and RRP, respectively, through UPLC-QE-MS/MS. Integrated network pharmacology, proteomics, and 16S rRNA sequencing implicated neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy as critical pathways for their anti-AD effects. Subsequently, Conclusion: In this work, we systematically elucidated the differential mechanisms underlying the anti-AD effects of ajugol and isoacteoside. We found that ajugol primarily acts

Indexed as

ajugolanti-Alzheimer’s diseaseisoacteosideRehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC.serum pharmacochemistry

Identifiers

PMID40949132
PMCPMC12426409

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.