Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40949111›Full record

ArticleTobacco use insights2025

The Burden and Factors Associated With Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults in Nikki, Benin.

Mariano Efio, Serge Ade, Ismaël A Babio, Roméo M Togan, Anthony D Harries

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco use insights, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mariano EfioFaculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4242-6442
Serge AdeFaculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6504-7625
Ismaël A BabioNational Training School for Higher Technicians in Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance, University of Parakou, Benin.
Roméo M ToganHospital Medicine Office, Central Directorate of the Army Health Service, Cotonou, Benin.
Anthony D HarriesDepartment of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with consumption of smokeless tobacco (SLT) at Nikki, northern Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional interview study carried out from November 2023 to September 2024 among adults aged≥18 years, after a process of two-stage random sampling. Results: Overall, 688 participants were interviewed. Their mean age was 32.2 ± 13.3 years with a male-female ratio of 4.5:1. The prevalence of current SLT use (defined as currently consumption or consumption in the last 12 months) was 26.9% (95% CI = 23.7-30.3) while that of daily use was 15.1% (95% CI = 12.6-18.0). Factors associated with SLT consumption were age ≥30 years (aPR = 3.7; Conclusion: The prevalence of SLT use was high among adults in Nikki, northern Benin. Raising awareness and regulating the sale of SLT products would help to mitigate this scourge; and further qualitative research are needed to determine the socio-cultural determinants of SLT consumption.

Indexed as

adultsBenincharacteristicsfrequencyNikkismokeless tobacco

Identifiers

PMID40949111
PMCPMC12423539

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.