ArticleClinical Medicine Insights. Oncology2025
Immature Granulocytes and Nivolumab Outcomes in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Insights by Tumor Subtype.
Article in Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, immunotherapy has become the standard therapy when platinum-based chemotherapy is ineffective, in the absence of a targetable mutation. However, a significant proportion of patients do not benefit from this treatment, underscoring the critical need for predictive biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the potential predictive role of immature granulocytes in response to nivolumab treatment, which can be used as a second-line therapy independent of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1) expression and other markers. Furthermore, the study seeks to determine whether there is a difference in the treatment response of immature granulocytes between the 2 main subtypes of NSCLC: lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 50 patients with NSCLC who underwent treatment at the Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Education and Research Hospital and Kütahya City Hospital between January 2021 and January 2025. The study examined the difference between patients' baseline immature granulocyte levels and their initial response to treatment, as assessed by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Results: The study found a statistically significant association between higher baseline immature granulocyte levels and poorer treatment response. Subgroup analysis by lung cancer subtype revealed that the difference was more prominent in the LUSCs group. Conclusion: Immature granulocytes may predict response to nivolumab treatment in NSCLC patients, particularly in the LUSCs subgroup. Based on the findings of this study, immature granulocytes and other neutrophil-dependent inflammatory markers could serve as potential predictors of immunotherapy response and provide insights into the mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance, warranting further investigation. Our study may also encourage future research to look for separate markers for LUSCs and LUADs, given the continued critical need for predictive markers in this field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.