Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40949019›Full record

ArticleACS materials Au2025

Multilayered Fabrication Containing Wind Turbine Blade Solid Wastes for High-Performance Composite Fibers.

Varunkumar Thippanna, Arunachalam Ramanathan, Dhanush Patil, M Taylor Sobczak, Taylor G Theobald, Sri Vaishnavi Thummalapalli, Xiao Sun, Churan Yu, Ian Doran, Chao Sui and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS materials Au, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Varunkumar ThippannaMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Arunachalam RamanathanMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-5663
Dhanush PatilMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
M Taylor SobczakMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0228-6658
Taylor G TheobaldMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Sri Vaishnavi ThummalapalliMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5903-6131
Xiao SunDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-7603
Churan YuMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Ian DoranMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Chao SuiMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Joshua WereMechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Xianqiao WangSchool of ECAM, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 302 E Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-3015
Sui YangMaterials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-6856
Xin XuThe Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States.
Arunachala Nadar Mada KannanThe Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-1680
Amir AsadiManufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3367, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-362X
Ayman NafadyDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah M Al-EniziDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5553
Mohammad K HassanCenter for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-2463
Kenan SongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia (UGA), 302 E. Campus Rd, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-2449

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The disposal of wind turbine blade (WTB) waste poses a significant environmental challenge due to its high volume and complex composition. This study introduces an innovative approach to address this issue by repurposing WTB-derived glass fibers (GF) into high-performance polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-GF composite fibers through a scalable dry-jet wet spinning and forced assembly process. By integrating alternating layers of PAN and PAN-GF, layer thickness was precisely controlled to the micrometer scale, ensuring enhanced GF dispersion and improved orientation through shear stress at layer interfaces. The individual layer thickness in the multilayered PAN-GF fibers decreased progressively with an increasing number of layers, with 32-layered fibers exhibiting comparatively thicker layers, while 256-layered fibers demonstrated significantly thinner layers. The effects of WTB-GF incorporation on the thermal and mechanical properties of PAN fibers were examined using tensile testing and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Using GF loadings of 1-4 wt %, the 256-layered composite fibers demonstrated remarkable mechanical improvements, with stiffness (modulus) increasing by 54.7% from 15.10 to 23.37 GPa and tensile strength rising by 27.2% from 521.71 to 663.66 MPa compared to pure PAN fibers. TGA results indicate that increasing the GF content leads to higher residual weight at 900 °C, reflecting enhanced thermal stability and greater char yield. The 256-layered 10PAN-4GF fibers showed the highest residual mass (41.23 wt %), highlighting the significant contribution of GF reinforcement to thermal stabilization. Heat treatment further transformed these precursor fibers into carbonized fibers (CF) with exceptional thermal stability and performance under extreme conditions. This process highlights a sustainable pathway for reusing WTB waste and producing advanced composite fibers, making them ideal candidates for demanding applications such as aerospace and space exploration.

Indexed as

carbonized fibersheat treatmentmultilayered fibersthermal stabilitywind turbine blades

Identifiers

PMID40949019
PMCPMC12426776

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.