Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40948995›Full record

ArticleChemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society2025

Thermally Evaporated Naphthalene Diimides as Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells.

Jack Lawton, Justine S Wagner, Xiangyu Xiao, Sanggyun Kim, Anna M Österholm, D Eric Shen, Sina Sabury, Carlo A R Perini, Kunal Datta, Diana K LaFollette and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jack LawtonSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Justine S WagnerGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Xiangyu XiaoSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Sanggyun KimSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Anna M ÖsterholmGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-8238
D Eric ShenGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-898X
Sina SaburyGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-7405
Carlo A R PeriniSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-2234
Kunal DattaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-328X
Diana K LaFolletteSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Ruipeng LiNational Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States of America.
John R ReynoldsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7417-4869
Juan-Pablo Correa-BaenaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3860-1149

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thermally evaporated organic electron transport layers (ETLs) have the potential to enable high-performance and scalable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among these, naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based ETLs are a promising family of materials that exhibit the optoelectronic properties, ambient stability and versatility required of high-performance ETLs. Here, we synthesized five NDI derivatives with varying functional groups and identified the two most promising candidates for evaluating the impact of molecular structure on processability via thermal evaporation. While phosphonic acid functionalization was shown to introduce thermal instability, leading to chemical changes during evaporation, NDI-bis

Identifiers

PMID40948995
PMCPMC12424226

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.