ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Exploring the interplay of prolactin and bromocriptine on serum markers in granulomatous lobular mastitis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- An endocrine microbe immunity framework for granulomatous mastitis toward phenotype-oriented interpretation.iScience · 2026Review
- Molecular Targeted Therapy for Chronic Non-Bacterial Mastitis: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between PRL level and serum inflammatory and immune markers in patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) and analyzed the effect of bromocriptine treatment on serum inflammatory and immune markers in patients with GLM. These analyses were conducted to illustrate that PRL is not only an endocrine hormone but also an immune factor, thereby providing evidence that GLM is an autoimmune disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of GLM cases admitted between 2023 and 2024. Clinical features were compared between patients with differential prolactin (PRL) levels using nonparametric tests, with concomitant documentation of prevalent clinical manifestations. Spearman's rank correlation was employed to assess associations between PRL concentrations and clinical characteristics/serum biomarkers. To evaluate bromocriptine's therapeutic efficacy, a propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort was established. Longitudinal serological changes were analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods for paired comparisons. Results: Elevated prolactin levels significantly correlated with lesion size (p<0.05). Patients with abnormal PRL exhibited lower 6-month cure rates compared to those with normal levels (93.1% Conclusions: Our findings suggest prolactin may act as an immunomodulatory factor in GLM, potentially influencing T/B-cell immunity and inflammatory cytokine recruitment. Additionally, the observed correlation between prolactin and ceruloplasmin positions ceruloplasmin as a candidate biomarker for GLM, though further validation in independent cohorts is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.