SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies syndrome and opportunistic infections: systematic literature review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantitative measurement of anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies for routine laboratory implementation.iScience · 2026Article
- Network toxicology and multi-omics identify potential interactions between between air pollutants and interferon-related signaling in tuberculosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Prospective Registry of Outcomes, Treatment, and Clinical Trajectories for Anti-IFN-γ Immunodeficiency.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Interleukin-6 fromMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Clinical Cognition and Practice in Anti-Interferon-γ Autoantibody-Associated Immunodeficiency Syndrome.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Identification and characterization of bone marrow plasma cells producing IFN-γ-neutralizing autoantibodies in adult-onset immunodeficiency.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- DisseminatedFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) syndrome is a rare, adult-onset immunodeficiency characterized by increased susceptibility to various opportunistic infections. Currently, there are no standardized diagnostic or therapeutic guidelines for AIGAs syndrome, making clinical management challenging. Goals: To summarize and synthesize the published literature on the demographic characteristics, infection types, affected organs, treatments, and outcomes of AIGAs syndrome. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of AIGAs syndrome. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE for publications in English between January 1, 2004, and March 8, 2025 relating to AIGAs syndrome. Data from eligible studies were extracted and synthesized to summarize demographic characteristics, infection types, affected organs, treatments, and outcomes. Results: A total of 149 eligible studies, encompassing 1430 patients (664 males [46.43%], 672 females [46.99%], and 94 with unmentioned gender), were included. Patients frequently presented with two or more opportunistic infections, most commonly non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM, 55.69%), Talaromyces marneffei (TM, 26.98%), Salmonella spp. (12.43%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (9.34%), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV, 9.57%). Multi-organ involvement was common, particularly affecting lymph nodes (70.24%), lungs (58.75%), bones/joints (38.89%), and skin (45.16%). Clinical outcomes included remission (45.08%), persistent (15.98%), relapse (21.62%), and death (11.68%). In addition to anti-infective therapy, corticosteroids, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide were commonly employed as immunotherapies. Conclusions: AIGAs syndrome is associated with diverse opportunistic infections, particularly NTM, TM, Salmonella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and VZV. Multi-organ and multi-system involvement is frequent, with a tendency toward persistent or relapsing disease and associated mortality. Corticosteroids may represent the most promising immunomodulatory therapy in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.