ReviewObstetrical & gynecological survey2025
Midwifery Care in the United States: Increasing Access and Utilization to Improve Perinatal Health Outcomes.
Review in Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Barriers to Medicaid Participation for Community Midwives in California.Journal of midwifery & women's health · 2026Article
- Out-of-hospital births and neonatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study from a level IV NICU and review of regulatory frameworks.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Alignment of Midwifery Education in Nepal With Global Standards and Essential Competencies From the International Confederation of Midwives: A Mixed-Methods Study.Journal of midwifery & women's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: The United States ranks 55th worldwide for perinatal health outcomes, worse than all other similarly resourced countries. US perinatal care access increasingly is limited, and workforce burnout is high. Adverse perinatal outcomes are greater in communities with limited access to care. Objective: This review describes the midwifery care model, associated perinatal outcomes in the United States, and historical, fiscal, legal, legislative, regulatory, and hospital policies and practices that restrict access and utilization of the midwifery workforce. Opportunities for US midwifery workforce expansion and integration are outlined. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed literature, as well as historical sources and policy documents that informed this review. Results: Countries with excellent perinatal outcomes share similar health system characteristics, such as paid parental leave, extended postpartum care, and a larger midwifery workforce, when compared with the United States. Six critical barriers to US midwifery workforce access and utilization include limited workforce development, systemic racism and historical dismantling of the midwifery workforce, invisibility in birth certificate data, inequitable reimbursement, regulatory and legislative restrictions, and discriminatory hospital policies. Several state health care policy case studies illustrate opportunities to increase midwifery workforce expansion and integration. Conclusions: The midwifery model of care is well-defined and associated with perinatal outcomes that are equal or superior to the physician model of care for low-risk women. Despite this, midwifery care is not routinely utilized or integrated in standard US perinatal care systems due to current restrictions. Addressing these restrictions will improve the delivery of US perinatal care and associated outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.