Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40946474›Full record

ArticleUltrasonics sonochemistry2025

The mouse motor cortex stimulation via non-invasive temporal interference transcranial focused ultrasound with microbubbles.

Jie Jin, Xinze Liu, Zhenxiang Ji, Chenxuan Wu, Yuting Han, Quanrong Jing, Jian Zhang, Wei Li, Tianyi Yan, Hui Jing and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jie JinSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Xinze LiuSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Zhenxiang JiAdvanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Chenxuan WuSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Yuting HanThe Department of Anaesthesiology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005 Jiangsu, China.
Quanrong JingNanYang Medical College, Nanyang 473061 Henan, China.
Jian ZhangSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Wei LiSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Tianyi YanSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Hui JingDepartment of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150080 Heilongjiang, China. Electronic address: jinghuihrb@163.com.
Dingjie SuoSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: suo@bit.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has emerged as an innovative brain stimulation technology that uniquely integrates three characteristics: (a) non-invasive energy delivery, (b) submillimeter-scale spatial precision, and (c) effective penetration through cranial barriers to reach subcortical structures. Previous studies have shown that microbubbles (MBs) could amplify the mechanical effects of ultrasound, and the utilization of temporal interference ultrasound excitation effectively lowers cavitation thresholds. In this study, tFUS is applied to the motor cortex of both normal mice and MB-injected mice. Electromyography (EMG) recordings are utilized to analyze the effects of temporal interference (TI) ultrasound and single-frequency ultrasound stimulation on contralateral limb movements in mice. A hybrid model integrating the Gilmore-Akulichev-Zener (GAZ) model with nonlinear lipid membrane dynamics is developed, and numerical simulations of microbubble (MB) dynamics are performed to calculate the scattered pressure exerted by MBs on neurons. The study demonstrated that temporal interference ultrasound combined with MBs could increase the success rate of motor responses. The potential mechanism could be temporal interference ultrasound combined with MBs generate higher scattered pressures. The results demonstrated that temporal interference ultrasound combined with MBs could enhance neuronal activity in the Central Nervous System, enabling a highly specific method to increase the efficiency of tFUS stimulation.

Indexed as

MicrobubblesMotor CortexUltrasonic WavesAnimalsElectromyographyMaleMiceTime FactorsAcoustic cavitationBubble dynamicsMotor cortexNeuromodulationTemporal interferenceTranscranial focused ultrasound

Identifiers

PMID40946474
PMCPMC12504979

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.