Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40946236›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2025

Trends in U.S. Adolescent Use of Vaping and Flavored Solutions for Marijuana Consumption, 2021-2024.

Richard Miech, Megan E Patrick, Adam M Leventhal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Vaping ΔExpert review of clinical pharmacology
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Richard MiechInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: ramiech@umich.edu.
Megan E PatrickInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Adam M LeventhalInstitute for Addiction Science, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Funding

Monitoring the Future: Drug Use & Lifestyles of American Youth (Supp1: Nicotine Pouch and E-cigarette Use Among US Adolescents: National Estimates of Brand Use and Flavor Preferences)R01DA001411 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Richard A Miech · 1985 to 2026
$144.9M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA001411
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo document recent, national trends in vaping and use of flavored vaping solutions among US adolescents who use marijuana.

methodsData come from Monitoring the Future, which conducted annual, cross-sectional, nationally-representative surveys from 2021 to 2024 of eighth, 10th, and 12th grade students.

resultsAmong adolescents who used marijuana in the past 12 months, the percentage who vaped it increased over the study period from 48% to 57% in eighth grade (p < .05), 60%-66% in 10th grade (p = .07), and 58%-67% in 12th grade (p < .01). The percentage of adolescents who used a flavored solution when vaping marijuana switched from a minority to a majority over the study period, from 47% to 63% (p < .01) in eighth grade, 41%-53% (p < .01) in 10th grade, and 36%-50% (p < .01) in 12th grade. The percentage of all adolescents who vaped a flavored marijuana solution in the past 12 months over the study period increased from 2% to 4% (p < .01) in eighth grade, 5%-6% in 10th grade (p = .25), and 7%-9% in 12th grade (p < .01). DISCUSSION: The percentage of US adolescents who vaped flavored marijuana solutions increased from 2021 to 2024, one of very few drug outcomes that increased since the pandemic onset. With this increase, adolescents who used flavors to vape marijuana shifted from a minority to a majority and vaping became more common among adolescents who used marijuana. These results point to flavored marijuana vaping solutions as an increasingly important target for research and policy on adolescent marijuana use.

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorFlavoring AgentsMarijuana SmokingMarijuana UseVapingAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesFlavoring Agents

Identifiers

PMID40946236
PMCPMC12642878

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.