Observational studyBiomolecules & biomedicine2025
Induced sputum KL-6 combined with HRCT scoring for diagnosing and monitoring idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Observational study in Biomolecules & biomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Predicting and Treating Pulmonary Fibrosis with Proteomic Biomarker Investigations.Biomedicines · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease for which reliable early diagnostic biomarkers are still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and monitoring value of induced sputum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels in patients with IPF and to investigate their relationship with pulmonary function parameters and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scoring. In this prospective observational study, 20 patients with IPF and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled between October 2021 and April 2023. Induced sputum samples were collected for KL-6 measurement using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while all participants underwent pulmonary function testing and HRCT scoring. KL-6 levels were significantly higher in the IPF group compared with the HS group [776.29 (interquartile range, IQR: 681.98-858.57) vs. 322.21 (IQR: 253.67-338.64) U/mL, p<0.001]. In IPF patients, induced sputum KL-6 levels showed strong negative correlations with multiple lung function indices, including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (all p<0.05), and a strong positive correlation with HRCT scores (r=0.908, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that combining KL-6 levels with HRCT scores yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.936 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.914-0.944), with specificity of 97.5% and sensitivity of 80.0%. In conclusion, induced sputum KL-6 levels reflect the degree of pulmonary fibrosis and are closely associated with functional and imaging indicators in IPF. The combination of KL-6 with HRCT scoring enhances diagnostic accuracy, underscoring its potential clinical utility as a noninvasive biomarker for early detection and monitoring of IPF.
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