ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
β-Casein A1 and A2 Genetic Variants and β-Casomorphin-7 in Raw Milk and Processed Milk Products.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ex Vivo Immune Response of Casein-Sensitized Lymphocytes to Bovine Milk Protein Composite Genotypes: Beyond the β-Casein A1/A2 Paradigm.Nutrients · 2026Article
- β-Casein Polymorphism in Serbian Holstein-Friesian and Busha Cattle and Its Association with Milk Production Traits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- β-Casein Polymorphism as a Potential Evolutionary Trade-Off: The Rise of A1 Under Intensive Selection and Its Implications for Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Agroecological Resilience.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Comparative Study of the Peptide Profiles of A1/A2 and A2/A2 Yogurts duringJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Reproductive Neutrality of the A2Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The Potential Link Between Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Food Allergy: Inflammatory Pathogenesis and Management.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The A1 and A2 variants of bovine β-casein (CSN2) have gained attention in the dairy industry due to potential health effects. The A1 variant, prevalent in Holstein-Friesian cattle, is a major source of β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7)-an opioid-like peptide released during digestion and associated with lower digestive comfort. In this study, β-casein A1 and A2 variants and BCM-7 levels were quantified in raw milk and three commonly consumed dairy products (pasteurized milk, UHT milk, and milk powder) using ELISA. The samples came from dairy plants within a single operating zone. The A1 variant was significantly more frequent (13.69-22.41 ng/mL) than the A2 variant (8.10-12.60 ng/mL), although the local Holstein cattle population had a higher frequency of the A2 allele (63%) than A1 (37%). This discrepancy could be due to a more efficient expression of the A1 allele in cows with heterozygous or A1A1 genotypes. BCM-7 levels were low and did not vary significantly with
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Registered trials
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