Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40943483›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

The Role of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Transforming Alzheimer's Disease Research and Clinical Management: A Review.

Vera Pacoova Dal Maschio, Fausto Roveta, Lucrezia Bonino, Silvia Boschi, Innocenzo Rainero, Elisa Rubino

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Vera Pacoova Dal MaschioDepartment of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Fausto RovetaDepartment of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7230-7819
Lucrezia BoninoDepartment of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5512-4049
Silvia BoschiDepartment of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1610-1917
Innocenzo RaineroDepartment of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6074-9628
Elisa RubinoDepartment of Neuroscience "Rita Levi-Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition representing the most common cause of dementia and currently affects millions of people worldwide. The clinical presentation includes memory impairment, cognitive decline, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, reflecting pathological hallmarks such as β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Despite being the gold standard for detecting amyloid and tau pathologies in vivo, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging are not widely used in the clinical setting because of invasiveness, high costs, and restricted accessibility. Recent advances in blood-based biomarkers offer a promising and minimally invasive tool for early detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of AD. Ultra-sensitive analytical platforms, including single-molecule arrays (Simoa) and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, now enable reliable quantification of plasma Aβ isoforms, phosphorylated tau variants (p-Tau181, p-Tau217, p-Tau231), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In addition, blood biomarkers reflecting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, synaptic disruption and metabolic dysfunction are under active investigation. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on blood-based biomarkers in AD, emphasizing their biological relevance, diagnostic accuracy, and clinical applications. Finally, we highlight forthcoming challenges, such as standardization, and future directions, including the use of artificial intelligence in precision medicine.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBiomarkersAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsHumanstau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkerstau ProteinsAlzheimer’s diseaseblood biomarkersGFAPpathophysiologyp-Tau217

Identifiers

PMID40943483
PMCPMC12428803

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.