ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Exogenous Pyruvate in Defense Against Human-Exposure Toxicants: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry by 22-benzyloxydaphlongaminone via glycolysis suppression.The Journal of antibiotics · 2026Article
- Multitargeted Neuroprotective Strategies of Ethyl Pyruvate: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives in CNS Disorders.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Nutrient stress-induced FTH1 safeguards redox balance and fuels pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth while serving as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Towards Metabolomics-Guided Healthy and Anti-Aging Nutrition.Metabolites · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
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Abstract
Pyruvate is an alpha-keto acid that occurs naturally in living cells. It is a key metabolite in cellular respiration and a substrate for the synthesis of glucose (in gluconeogenesis) and certain amino acids. Exogenous pyruvate, for example in the form of sodium pyruvate or ethyl pyruvate, has potential therapeutic applications due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review summarises cell culture and animal studies that report the cytoprotective effects of exogenous pyruvate compounds during exposure to environmental pollutants, drugs, UV radiation, and burns. These reports show that the main mechanisms through which exogenous pyruvate exerts its beneficial effects are the neutralisation of reactive oxygen species, protection and stabilisation of mitochondria, maintenance of ATP levels, and inhibition of inflammatory signalling pathways, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The article also outlines potential challenges associated with the therapeutic use of exogenous pyruvate. These include the instability of inorganic pyruvate (sodium pyruvate) and the fact that the metabolism of ethyl pyruvate differs between humans and animals.
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Registered trials
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