Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40942807›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

2SLOD-HCG: HCG Test Strip Concentration Prediction Network.

Qi Hu, Jinshu Zhao, Shimin Kan, Qiang Shi, Ning Wang, Jiajian Li, Zhifang Ma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qi HuSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Jinshu ZhaoSchool of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Shimin KanSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Qiang ShiState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China.
Ning WangSchool of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Jiajian LiSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Zhifang MaState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China.

Funding

Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry 20230204111YY
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is an essential biomarker for the evaluation and diagnosis of early pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, and ectopic pregnancies. However, the accuracy of test strip interpretation is often compromised by inconvenient and uncomfortable professional testing, the black-box nature of AI-based detection methods, and variations in image quality caused by mobile photography and lighting conditions. To address these challenges, we propose 2SLOD-HCG, a novel network for test strip concentration detection. Our approach introduces an enhanced spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module to better integrate multi-scale receptive field information and incorporates an elastic variational cross-FPN structure augmented with lightweight transformer blocks to strengthen global feature perception. Furthermore, a SimAM attention mechanism is applied to highlight critical local features. These improvements collectively enhance the network's ability to capture both fine-grained and global contextual information. We constructed a dataset of 50,000 augmented test strip images collected under three lighting conditions and four mobile photography scenarios. The results demonstrate that 2SLOD-HCG achieves superior accuracy and robustness compared to existing YOLO-based baselines, particularly in detecting the small color-developing regions of test strips.

Indexed as

Chorionic GonadotropinReagent StripsAlgorithmsFemaleHumansPregnancyChorionic GonadotropinReagent Strips2SLOD-HCGconcentration detectionlightweight attention mechanismmulti-scale fusion

Identifiers

PMID40942807
PMCPMC12430961

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.