Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40942466›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Ecofriendly PEF- and PBF-Based Blends with Epoxidized Natural Rubber: Unraveling the Structure-Property Relationship.

Sandra Paszkiewicz, Konrad Walkowiak, Izabela Irska, Jakub Śmigielski, Elżbieta Piesowicz, Aleksander Hejna, Beata Dudziec, Mateusz Barczewski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sandra PaszkiewiczDepartment of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastow Av. 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7487-9220
Konrad WalkowiakDepartment of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastow Av. 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8629-7367
Izabela IrskaDepartment of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastow Av. 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5521-1847
Jakub ŚmigielskiDepartment of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastow Av. 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.
Elżbieta PiesowiczDepartment of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastow Av. 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4371-5236
Aleksander HejnaInstitute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9125-6164
Beata DudziecDepartment of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6344-0298
Mateusz BarczewskiInstitute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1451-6430

Funding

National Science Centre OPUS-26 2023/51/B/ST8/00775
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two series of environmentally friendly polymer blends of bio-based poly(ethylene 2,5 furanoate) (PEF) and poly(butylene 2,5 furanoate) (PBF) with epoxidized natural rubber (epNR) have been prepared. Both bio-based polyesters were synthesized from dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFDC) and 1,2-ethylene glycol (EG) or 1,4-butylene glycol (BG) by a two-stage melt polycondensation process. The miscibility of the components in the blend was assessed using calculations based on Hoy's method. The chemical interactions, presence of functional groups, miscibility, and possible reactions or cross-linking between polyesters and epNR were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A significant influence of epNR addition on the melt flow index (MFI), limited viscosity number (LVN), and apparent cross-link density values was also demonstrated. Phase transition temperatures and associated thermal phenomena in polyester/epNR blends were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Oxidation onset temperature (OOT) tests were performed to obtain valuable information about the thermal-oxidative stability of the blends. Tensile tests revealed that the addition of epNR to PEF increases flexibility but at the same time reduces stiffness and tensile strength, especially at higher contents of epNR. In the case of PBF, a gradual decrease in tensile strength and elastic modulus is observed with increasing epNR content. Additionally, hardness tests showed that the addition of epNR leads to a decrease in hardness for both PEF- and PBF-based compositions.

Indexed as

biobased polyestersepoxidized natural rubbermechanical propertiesmelt polycondensationmiscibilitypoly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)polymer blends

Identifiers

PMID40942466
PMCPMC12430275

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.