ArticlePolymers2025
Upcycling Leather Waste Through Zero-Waste Hydrolysis for Versatile 3D Printable Composites.
Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
The leather industry produces a substantial amount of solid waste, which is frequently disposed of via incineration or landfilling. While hydrolysis offers a valuable and sustainable method to chemically recycle leather waste, both acidic and alkaline processes present challenges due to the salts produced during neutralization. This study aims to upcycle leather scraps through hydrolysis, producing a powdered filler for versatile composites suitable for both LCD vat photopolymerization and Direct Ink Writing 3D printing technologies. A zero-waste hydrolysis process was adopted using sulfuric acid neutralized with calcium hydroxide, achieving a yield of 91.3%. The composites featured a matrix composed of polyethylene-glycol-diacrylate and glycerol dimethacrylate, with embedded leather hydrolysate powder at concentrations up to 20%
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