ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Comprehensive UPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Four Key Intestinal Permeability Markers in Caco-2 Models.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A comprehensive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous separation and quantification of atenolol, propranolol, quinidine, and verapamil, using established intestinal permeability standards in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. This in vitro model is widely accepted for predicting intestinal drug permeability and is formally recognized by global regulatory agencies, including the FDA, EMA, and WHO, as a surrogate for assessing drug permeability in biowaiver applications under the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) framework. Despite its regulatory importance, standardized methods for the simultaneous quantification of key permeability markers remain scarce. The selected compounds represent distinct transport pathways: paracellular (atenolol), passive transcellular (propranolol, verapamil), and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux (quinidine). Method validation followed FDA guidelines and demonstrated high selectivity, linearity (r
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